金屬偵測器(metal detector)依用途設計分為金屬探測門(Walk-Through
metal detector,WTMD)及手持式金屬探測器(Hand held metal detector,HHMD)。
認證上分別為對功能性的測試,以及對安全性的要求。
功能性的測試,最早以美國司法部門(National Institute of Justice,NIJ)所屬單位,
執法協助管理國家執法與刑事司法研究機構(the National Institute of Law
Enforcement and Criminal Justice,NILECJ)訂定了相關標準。
針對門框式金屬探測器:
目前最新版為 NIJ Standard–0601.02
Supersedes NIJ Standard–0601.01 dated September 2000
Supersedes NILECJ–STD–0601.00 dated October 1974
測試時以標準測試件(Standard test samples) 分別以水平、垂直以及縱向通過安檢
門,對應到不同的測試標準時(Nilecj-1~5),安檢門對標準測試件皆應能測得,不可
誤報或漏報。
針對手持式金屬探測器:
目前最新版為
NIJ Standard–0602.02
Supersedes NIJ Standard–0602.01 dated September 2000
Supersedes NILECJ–STD–0602.00 dated October 1974
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/200330.pdf
測試時以標準測試件(Standard test samples) 分別以X軸向、Y軸向以及Z軸向靠近
手持式金屬探測器,在一定距離內金屬探測器即應發出警報。
對安全性的相關國際標準,表列如下:
人體電磁場暴露標準 | |
EC-REC 1999/519/EC | COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) 一般公眾暴露於電磁場的限制(頻率範圍 0 Hz 至 300GHz) |
EC-Directive 2013/35/EC | Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) 一般工作人員曝露於電磁場物理因子下對健康及安全的最低風險要求 |
EN 50364:2010 | Limitation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from devices operating in the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz, used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and similar applications. 人體暴露於頻率範圍 0 Hz 至 300 GHz 下電磁場從操作電子物品監視用 ( EAS),射頻識別( RFID)和類似用途設備的限制 |
EN 62369-1:2009 | Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz. Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems 人體暴露於頻率範圍 0 Hz 至 300 GHz 下電磁場從操作電子物品監視用 ( EAS),射頻識別( RFID)和類似用途短射程裝置設備的評估 |
EN 62311:2008 | Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz) 相關的電磁場人體暴露限制的電子和電氣設備評估( 0Hz – 300G Hz) |
EN 50499:2008 | Procedure for the assessment of the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields 工作人員暴露於電磁場的評估程序 |
ICNIRP Guidelines 1998 | 暴露於時變電場和磁場( 1Hz 至 100kHz) 指導方針 1998 版 |
ICNIRP Guidelines 2010 | 暴露於時變電場和磁場( 1Hz 至 100kHz) 指導方針 2010 版 |
IEEE C95.6-2002 | C95.6-2002 - IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0-3 kHz 人體曝露於 0-3kHz 電磁場安全等級標準 |
IEEE C95.1-2005 | C95.1-2005 - IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz 人體曝露於 3k-300 GHz 射頻電磁場安全等級標準 |
IEEE C95.3-2002 | C95.3-2002 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields, 100 kHz-300 GHz 人體曝露於 100k-300 GHz 射頻電磁場量測計算 |
IEEE C95.3.1-2010 | C95.3.1-2010 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields with Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields, 0 Hz to 100 kHz |
人體曝露於 0Hz-100 KHz 射頻電磁場量測計算 | |
ACGIH 2014 | ACGIH,2014 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for ‘Sub-Radiofrequency (30kHz and below) Magnetic Fields’; 美國工業衛生協會,低頻電場閥限值安全標準(30kHz 及以下) |
植入式醫療儀器及設備無擾 | |
EN50527-1:2010 | Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices. 工作人員裝置可植入醫療器材的電磁場暴露評估程序 |
EN 50527-2-1:2010 | 第 2-1 章 工作人員裝置心律調節器的評估 |
RPS-SC-18 – 1976 | Recommended safety procedures for the selection, installation and use of active metal detectors, Health Canada. 加拿大安全衛生部: 使用金屬探測器對心臟起搏器電磁效應的問題 |
多媒體儲存裝置無擾 | |
Nbs Special Publication 500.101 |
Nbs Special Publication 500.101 - Care and Handling of Computer Magnetic Storage Media 美國國家標準技術研究所:電腦多媒體儲存安全標準 |
The national archives.org(UK) |
Care, Handling and Storage of Removable Media (section 4) – The national archives.org (UK) 英國檔案記錄協會,可移動儲存媒體安全標準(第四章) |
至於歐盟指令對電器設備最基本的要求如下:
分別有歐盟低電壓指令,確保電器設備處於特定電壓限制範圍對人體安全的防護;
以及電磁相容性指令,確保設備在運作時,不會因為電磁干擾而影響正常工作。
Low Voltage (LVD) Directive 2014/35/EU
EN 61010-1:2010 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use -- Part 1: General requirements
EN 50364:2010 Limitation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from devices operating in the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz, used in Electronic Article
Surveillance (EAS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and similar applications
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive 2014/30/EU
EN 61000-6-1:2007 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 6-1: Generic standards - Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
EN 61000-6-3:2007 + EN 61000-6-3:2007 /A1:2011 + EN 61000-6-3:2007 /A1:2011/AC:2012 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 6-3: Generic standards
- Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
金屬探測器只要符合LVD以及EMC指令即代表可在歐盟地區銷售,不過這並不代表
設備符合NIJ相關的功能性及安全性要求。
相關文件指出, 部份不符合IEEE C95.6-2002的金屬探測門,可能會對懷孕婦女及
懷孕週期7-9個月胎兒產生不可預期影響。安檢人員應避免對此懷孕週期婦女實施安
檢門檢查。